What is Epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. It affects people of all ages, races, and ethnic backgrounds. According to the World Health Organisation, approximately 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally.
A seizure occurs when there is a sudden, excessive electrical discharge in a group of brain cells. Different parts of the brain can be the site of such discharges, and the type of seizure depends on where in the brain the abnormal activity occurs and how far it spreads.
Common Myths About Epilepsy
Myth 1: Epilepsy is contagious
Fact: Epilepsy is absolutely not contagious. You cannot catch epilepsy from another person. It is a neurological condition that may be caused by genetic factors, brain injury, infections, or structural brain abnormalities.
Myth 2: People with epilepsy cannot lead normal lives
Fact: With proper treatment and medication, the majority of people with epilepsy can lead active, productive lives. Many famous historical figures, including Julius Caesar and Vincent van Gogh, are believed to have had epilepsy.
Myth 3: You should put something in a seizing person's mouth
Fact: This is dangerous and should never be done. A person having a seizure cannot swallow their tongue. Placing objects in their mouth can cause dental injuries or choking. Instead, gently turn them on their side and ensure their airway is clear.
Modern Treatment Approaches
The treatment of epilepsy has advanced significantly in recent years. Today, neurologists have access to over 30 anti-seizure medications, each with different mechanisms of action. For patients who do not respond to medication — known as drug-resistant epilepsy — surgical options including resective surgery, laser ablation, and neuromodulation devices offer new hope.
First Line treatments
• Anti-seizure medications (ASMs): The cornerstone of epilepsy treatment, effective in controlling seizures in approximately 70% of patients
Lifestyle modifications: Regular sleep, stress management, and avoiding known seizure triggers
Monitoring and follow-up: Regular EEG monitoring and medication level checks
